Sleep Disturbances And Diabetes Mellitus
Sleep disturbances are often observed among patients with diabetes and it is possibly caused by impaired glucose metabolism or physical and psychological discomfort due to disorder. Sleep patterns leads to onset of type 2 diabetes. Disturbance in sleep quality may also affect the over diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Increased sympathetic nervous activity associated with sleep disturbances causes glucose intolerance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The effect of sleep disturbances on diabetes incidence is likely to be related in part to the influence of sleep disturbances upon body weight and hypertension.
Sleep deprivation decrease glucose tolerance and compromise insulin sensitivity by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, which raises evening cortical levels and decreases cerebral glucose utilization. The increased burden on the pancreas from insulin resistance can compromise alpha cell function and lead to type 2 diabetes. If sleep disturbances functions to increase insulin resistance and decrease glucose tolerance, obviously increased amount and improved quality of sleep could potentially serve as treatments and as primary preventive measures for diabetes. It is unknown as to how long sleep duration contributes to diabetes, although increased time in bed to compensate for poor sleep quality is one possible explanation. Recent estimates show that at least 171 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes and that by the year 2030 this number is projected to double. For years authorities have contributed the emerging diabetes epidemic to consumption of highly processed food and a lack of physical activity. But now, the finding that the sleep disturbances are associated with diabetes adds to the list of life factors that can seriously affect health and well-being.
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Restricting sleep to four hours a night for only a few days causes abnormal glucose metabolism, suggesting the mechanism for increased rates of diabetes in sleep deprived individuals. Also sleep disorders that disrupt sleep such as obstructive sleep apnea, also increases the likelihood of developing diabetes. Treating the sleep disorders improves glucose metabolism and diabetes control. These studies underscore the fact that sleep is integral to good health. On an average, most adults need seven to eight hours of sleep each night to feel alert and well-rested. Adolescents should sleep about nine hours a night, school-aged children between 10 to 11 hours a night and children in pre-school between 11to 13 hours a night. Always follow a consistent bedtime routine. Try to establish a relaxing setting a bedtime. Always get a full night’s sleep every night. It’s best to avoid foods and drinks that contain caffeine, as well as any medicine that has a stimulant, prior to bedtime. Never eat a big meal before bedtime and also do not go hungry to the bed. Avoid any rigorous exercise within six hours of your bedtime. Keep your bedroom quiet, dark and little bit cool to get a peaceful sleep. Maintain a regular wake up time in the morning. So it’s very clear that the impaired sleep physiology can have serious long term health effects and increase the risk of diabetes.
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