Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Also Related To Prostaglandins
Rheumatoid arthritis is the second most common form of arthritis. It is an inflammatory disease though involved with joints, it is not degenerative. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy joints, tissues and organs. The natural defense mechanism of the body recognizes some component of the joint lining as an enemy and attacks it. When an immunological attack is taking place it is normally accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Inflammation of the synovial membrane may spread to other parts of the joint and the inflamed tissue may grow into cartilage surrounding the bone ends, causing it to deteriorate. When the cartilage disintegrates, scar tissue forms between the bone ends, fusing the joint, making it rigid and difficult to move.
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In a normal joint, the muscles, bursa and tendons support the bone and help the joint to move. The synovial membrane releases a slippery fluid into the joint space. Cartilage covers the ends of the bone to absorb shocks and to keep the bones from rubbing together when the joint moves. With rheumatoid arthritis, the joint becomes inflamed and the synovial membrane becomes thicker. This causes the joint to swell, causing damage to bone and cartilage gets destroyed. Space between the joint gets smaller and the joint loses shape and moves. Another reason is that the inflammation in the joint is the result of persistent infection. The organism responsible for such infection has not yet been determined but there are other cases of inflammatory conditions being caused by condition of this type. Rheumatoid arthritis is also related to a group of substances known as prostaglandins. These are a special class of unsaturated fatty acids, which have a high level of physiological activity. They are involved in various body functions including ovulation, maintenance of blood pressure, smooth muscle stimulation. It is known that inhibition of the synthesis of certain prostaglandins in the body is affected by some anti-inflammatory drugs and also by the mussel extract. These prostaglandins are influential in the inflammatory process involved in rheumatoid arthritis.
Stiffness is the most noticeable symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. The joint does not move as well as it once did. Its range of motion, the extents to which the appendage of the joint can move in different directions, may be reduced. Redness, tenderness and warmth causing inflammation are another common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. Nodules are hard bumps that appear on or near the joint and they are often found near elbows. Pain can come from inflammation or swelling of the joints. The intensity of the pain varies in individuals. Apart from the above symptoms, malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and fever are the general symptom. There is no single test that can confirm the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Physical examination, lad tests and studies of X-ray helps to determine the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. Levels of rheumatoid factor may be tested in the blood test. Synovial fluid analysis is also done. Levels of electrolytes may be tested. Complete blood count test is very important in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Nondrug approaches include physical therapy to increase muscle strength and reduce pain, hydrotherapy involving exercise in warm water, relaxation therapy like meditation helps to release the muscle tension. Metotrexate, sulfasalazine, aurothiomalate, D-pencillamine are the drugs prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis.
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