Inflammatory Heart Disease - Inflammation Of Certain Parts Of The Heart
The disease caused by the inflammation of certain parts of the heart is referred to as inflammatory heart diseases. There are different types of inflammatory heart diseases.
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They are:
Pericarditis: Pericarditis is the inflammation of pericardium. Inflammation of pericardium is due to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. This is called as pericardial effusion. Pericarditis may be caused from bacterial, viral or fungal infection. This may even occur when a person has a weak immune system due to cancer, tuberculosis, HIV infection and kidney failure. This is also caused due to injury or trauma to the heart, chest or esophagus. There are two types of pericarditis. Its acute pericarditis which results from exudates formation. If its severe it leads to cardiac tamponade.Next is the chronic pericarditis which results from hardening called as fibrosis of the pericardial sac. The thick fibrous pericardium tightens around the heart and decreases the efficiency of the heart pumping. It produces serious chest pain due to the friction caused by rubbing against the heart. When leaned forward it is relieved. The pain may even radiate to the neck, arm, back or abdomen and left shoulder. The pain increases with coughing or swallowing. Dry cough, swelling of ankle, feet and leg, anxiety and fatigue are the other common symptoms of pericarditis. An X-ray of the chest, echocardiogram, blood culture, are the normal diagnostic tests for this inflammatory disease. Sometimes MRI or CT scan and ECG may be taken in the case of acute pericarditis.
Cardiac tamponade: Cardiac tamponade is the compression of the heart caused by blood or fluid accumulation in the space between the myocardium and the pericardium. It prevents the ventricles from expanding fully, so they cannot adequately fill or pump blood. The causes of this disease may be due to a heart surgery, end-stage of lung cancer, and when there are wounds to the heart. The advanced stage of pericarditis also leads to cardiac tamponade. Other potential causes like heart tumors, recent heart attack, recent open heart surgery, recent invasive heart procedures, and kidney failure. Patients with cardiac tamponade will have weak peripheral pulses, decreased heart sounds, decreased blood pressure, distended neck veins, anxiety, chest pain, cyanosis, and pulsus paradoxus. Oxygen therapy, increasing blood pressure using tablets, draining the fluid around the heart by cutting and removing part of pericardium called as pericardiectomy is done to save the patient’s life.
Myocarditis: Infiltration and injury caused to the myocardial tissue of the myocardium is called myocarditis. It is also caused due to the viral, bacterial or parasitic infection. The organisms invade the myocardial tissue and produces toxins like polio, influenza, rubella. It is characterized by thrombus formation, hypertrophy, dilation of ventricles, and disintegration of cardiac muscles which weakens the heart muscles. This results in the heart failure. Fever, chest pain, peripheral edema, swollen joints, sore throat, itchy eyes, abnormal heart sounds, tachycardia, and shortness of breath are often referred to as the common symptoms of myocarditis. Bed rest, low sodium diet low cardiac workload promotes healing. Digitalis can be given to increase the myocardial contractivity. Diuretics can be given to control pulmonary or systemic congestion. Endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease are also considered to be the inflammatory heart disease.
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