Hypertensive Heart Disease Causes Number Of Heart Problems
High blood pressure causes number of heart problems directly or indirectly it’s called as hypertensive heart disease. Thickening of heart muscle may occur when the heart work harder to come up with the high blood pressure. Coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias are the some examples of the heart disease that can be caused by hypertension. The hypertensive heart disease is a complex interplay of various hemodynamic, structural, neuroendocrine, cellular and molecular factors. On one side, these factors play integral role in the development of hypertension and its complications while on the other side, elevated blood pressure can modulate these factors. High blood pressure leads to adverse effects in cardiac structure and function in two ways; directly after load and indirectly by associated neurohormonal and vascular changes.
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Hypertensive is the elevated blood pressure which may develop suddenly or gradually. A sudden rise in the pressure may indicate life-threatening hypertensive heart diseases. Elevated blood pressure may also result from a renal or endocrine disorder, a treatments that affects fluid status, such as a drug adverse effect. Ingestion of large amount of certain foods, such as black licorice and cheddar cheese may temporarily elevate blood pressure.
Patients with hypertension develop left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy is defined as an increase in the mass of the left ventricle and is caused by the response of myocytes to various stimuli accompanying elevated blood pressure. Mechanical and stimuli accompanying hypertension can lead to activation of myocardial cell growth, gene expression and thus to left ventricular hypertrophy. Left atria abnormalities are very common in patients with hypertension. It is characterized by the underappreciated, structural and functional changes of the left atrium. The elevated left ventricles end-diastolic pressure secondary to the elevated blood pressure increases the after load imposed on left atrium and leads to the impairment of the left atrium and left atrium appendage function plus increased left atrium size and thickness. Increased size of left atrium accompanying hypertension in the absence of valvular heart disease or systolic dysfunction usually implies chronicity of hypertension and may correlate with the severity of left ventricles diastolic dysfunction.
Valvular disease is a chronic and severe hypertension can cause aortic root dilatation, leading to significant aortic insufficiency. An acute rise in blood pressure may accentuate the degree of aortic insufficiency, with return to baseline when blood pressure is better controlled. Hypertension also accelerates the process of aortic sclerosis and cause mitral valve regurgitation. Heart failure is the common complication of the elevated blood pressure. The prevalence of asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction in the patients with hypertension and without left ventricular hypertrophy may be as high as 33%. Diastolic dysfunction is common in patients with hypertension. Myocardial ischemia is also caused due to hypertension. Regular aerobic exercise, low sodium diet, avoiding alcohol, weight reduction, and high potassium diet will be the best treatment for hypertensive heart disease. When people fail to follow these practical treatments medication is the next best treatment. Thiazide diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers are used to treat the hypertensive heart disease.
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