Generic Antibiotics And Their Role In Management Of Infection
Antibiotics are substances that are produced by microorganisms, which selectively suppress the growth or kill other microbes at very low concentrations. The advent of antibiotics has changed the fate of many infectious diseases. In the beginning of the 19th century, infectious diseases claimed more lives. But after the antibiotics were widely used, this rate declined drastically.
There are a wide range of antibiotics which have been classified in a number of ways. One of the classifications is; antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antihelminthic. There are many antibiotics that have overlapping spectrum of action against these microbes. Based on this, it can be a narrow spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotic.
Antibiotics are obtained from fungi, bacteria or actinomycetes. Some of them that are obtained from fungi are penicillin, griseofulvin and cephalosporin. Bacterial antibiotics include polymyxin B, bacitracin, Colistin, Tyrothricin, Aztreonam, etc. Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenical and polyenes are obtained from actinomycetes.
Whenever there is an infection, a provisional diagnosis must be arrived at based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Then usually a broad spectrum antibiotic is given for non serious infections. For serious infections, you need to give an emergency dose, and then followed by regular dose. In some diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy, the diagnosis has to be confirmed by laboratory investigations. Then they have to be put on category specific regimens.
Some antibiotics produce severe drug allergy in susceptible individuals. One of the most important drugs in this class is the penicillin. So for every individual for whom you give penicillin, you must give a test dose to confirm whether it’s safe to give or not. Or else the drug allergy may end up in a shock and lead to the death of the individual.
Combinations of antibiotics are widely used for the following reasons;
To achieve synergism
To reduce severity or incidence of adverse effects
To prevent emergence of resistance
To broaden the spectrum of antimicrobial action
One has to be careful while giving combinations because some drugs are antagonist to each other and therefore giving them would only add to the agony of the underlying disease.
Choosing an antibiotic has to be done keeping the following factors in mind;
Patient factors
Organism related considerations
Drug related factors
Though antibiotics are very useful, yet they can never be substituted for the natural defense forces that our body have. Our human body basically has an innate and acquired immune system that forms the body’s defense. The antibiotics only augment these natural processes and moreover antibiotics can never be a permanent solution for an infection.
Some of the important antibiotics in common usage are Generic Amoxil, Generic ampicillin, Generic Bactrim, Generic Baycip-TZ, Generic Cipro, Generic Flagyl and Generic Zithromax. These drugs are cheap and effective. They are mostly bi-dosage or tri-dosage. Above all, the adverse effects with these antibiotics are very less even on long term use. But long term use of antibiotics must be strongly discouraged to avoid the emergence of resistance against them.
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