Cholesterol And Atherosclerosis- Lowering Cholesterol Lowers The Risk

Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease in which a buildup of plaque occurs in the lining of the wall of an artery causing narrowing effect and a consequent reduction in the flow of blood through the vessel. High cholesterol levels leads to clogged arteries in a process called atherosclerosis. Lowering cholesterol lowers the risk of diseases caused by atherosclerosis. In cholesterol there are good and bad cholesterol. The low density lipoprotein is called as the bad cholesterol and has chemical properties that can damage arteries. Damaged areas allow more LDL to penetrate artery walls. The low density lipoprotein gets stuck and accumulates in the artery’s wall. Inside the free radicals transform LDL into oxidized LDL which is more dangerous.

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The cholesterol chemical spill attracts white blood cells and other cells to try to clean up the mess. The cells chew up and digest oxidized LDL. Once begun, this whole process tends to continue. Over years, the deposit of LDL cholesterol, cells and debris grows larger and it’s called a plaque. Good cholesterol known as high density lipoprotein circulates through the body acting like a cholesterol magnet. HDL diverts and delivers cholesterol away from the arteries. Much of the cholesterol is either eliminated from the body, delivered to tissues such as the liver or used to make hormones. As cholesterol plaques form and grow inside arteries, they eventually can begin to block off blood flow. Here’s where atherosclerosis gets ugly. The LDL rich center of the plaque can be stable, meaning it grows in a slow, controlled way. The plaque may eventually cause symptoms, but generally speaking, the body adapts. These blockages seldom cause heart attacks.

Cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic disease usually spreads to all major arterial vessels, but certain arteries can lead to specific health consequences when narrowed. Narrowed arteries in the brain can lead to a blood clot, which might severely restrict or cut off the supply of oxygen to an area of brain tissue. The health consequences of this will depend on the area and amount of brain tissue involved. The artery may even rupture causing a leakage of blood. Both these events may lead to significant brain damage. In the heart, it is commonly experienced in the form of angina or coronary thrombosis due to the damage done to the heart muscle from vessel occlusion. Atherosclerotic blood vessels in the kidney can cause hypertension or even renal failure. In the lower limbs, narrowed arteries lead to extreme pain or even death of tissue due to lack of oxygen. In extreme cases, this can lead to amputation of the leg.

High levels of serum cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking are the major causes for atherosclerosis. It is initially diagnosed on the basis of a patient’s medical history and circumstance. In addition to blood tests to measure cholesterol and other lipids, certain non-invasive imaging tests such as Doppler ultrasound or invasive tests such as angiography may be performed. If a patient has symptoms of atherosclerosis in the brain, CT or MRI scans are recommended. There are no drugs available for atherosclerosis. And there are medicines capable of restoring elasticity to hardened arteries. Drug therapy and surgery are the main treatment for atherosclerosis. Some patients are treated with cholesterol-lowering medicines like statins that retard the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of plaque rupture.

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