Antibiotic Drug Resistance – Multiple Drug Therapy
With every new invention or discovery we make, we also find a limitation with the application of the same. It is true for antibiotics too. The day antibiotics were used for treating infections, most of the infectious diseases came under the control of men. But due to excessive and improper use of the medicines, the organisms have developed a self protective mechanism against antibiotics called the drug resistance.
It is a very simple concept. Consider a group of organisms that are ineffectively treated with antibiotics. Say for instance you are asked to take drugs for a week but you stop the drugs within 3 days once the infection subsides. There would be still latent organisms that have lost their virulence but not their lives. Once the drug is suddenly stopped before the course is over, the organisms undergo mutation and the resistant strains develop. This is exactly the Darwin’s theory of natural selection and the survival of the fittest. Further when this strain spreads to other men, it would evolve as newer strain resistant to conventional antibiotics.
There are a number of mechanisms that are involved in the development of resistance. It varies from organism to organism. Sometimes an organism can be resistant to more than one drug, a condition called as multi drug resistance.
Drug resistance can be seen among bacteria against antibiotics, endoparasites, viruses (antiviral drugs), fungi and cancer cells.
Drug resistance can develop mainly in two ways. Either there is an alteration in the target cells or receptors where the drug binds or the organism releases any enzymes for the degradation of the active principles of the drug. The best example for the latter is the release of betalactamases by the bacteria to degrade the beta lactam ring in penicillin. Usually the organisms causing nosocomial infections are resistant to drugs due to wide spread exposure. It is so resistant at times that it grows on the ointments and bottles containing medicines.
Drug resistance is one of the major reasons why tuberculosis emerged and still remains to be a major challenge in the developing countries. It gave to newer forms like multidrug resistant TB and extremely drug resistant TB. This is the reason why multidrug therapy has become very popular as the incidence of resistance is very low with multidrug therapy. Further the organism would die to any one of the drugs in the class of drugs.
Generic Amoxil, Generic Ampicillin, Bactrim, Baycip-TZ, Cipro, Flagyl and Zithromax are the commonly prescribed antibiotics. It is important to follow the dosage regimen appropriately in order to prevent development of drug resistance by the flora causing infection in your system. You can order most of the antibiotics from an online pharmacy.
There are many ways that would be effective in combating this drug resistance. First of all, avoid unwanted use of antibiotics. Do not take antibiotics on your own without the prescription of a doctor. And always complete the course of treatment as prescribed or else you would make room for drug resistance. If your illness does not respond to usual drugs, then try second line drugs.
The best technique to find out the drug to use is to do a culture sensitivity of the sample. It would reveal the sensitivity of the organism to any of the drugs.
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