80 percent Of Diabetes Deaths Occur In Low And Middle-Income Countries
Diabetes is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood. The world health organization estimates that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes. This number is likely to increase by 2030. In 2005, an estimated 1.1 million people dies from diabetes. Almost 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Almost half of diabetes deaths occur in people under the age of 70 years. 55 % of diabetes deaths are in women. WHO projects that the diabetes deaths will increase by more than 50% in the next 10 years without urgent action. Most notably, diabetes deaths are projected to increases by over 80% in upper-middle income countries.
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There are two types of diabetes type 1 and type 2. In both types, signs and symptoms are more likely to be similar as the blood sugar is high, either due to less or no production of insulin or insulin resistance. In any case, if there is inadequate glucose in the cells, it is identifiable through certain signs and symptoms. These symptoms are quickly relieved once the diabetes is treated and also reduce the chances of developing serious health problems. In the early stage of type 1 diabetes, nausea and vomiting are the symptoms usually seen. In the later stages, which leads to ketoacidosis, the body starts breaking down the muscle tissue and fat for producing energy hence, causing abnormal weight loss. Dehydration is also usually observed due to electrolyte disturbances. In advanced stages, coma and death is witnessed.
In type 2 diabetes, increased fatigue due to inefficiency of the cell to metabolize glucose mostly occurs as the reserve fat body is metabolized to gain energy. When fat is broken down in the body, it uses more energy as compared to glucose; hence body goes in negative calorie effect, resulting in fatigue. The hormone insulin is also responsible for stimulating hunger. In order to cope up with high sugar levels, the body produces insulin which leads to hunger. This condition is called as polyphegia. As the concentration of glucose increases in the blood, brain receives signal for diluting it and in its counter action we feel thirsty. This condition is called as polydipsia. Increase in urination due to excess glucose present in the body is called as polyurea. Body gets rid of the extra sugar in the blood by excreting it through urine. This leads to dehydration as a large amount of water along with sugar is excreted out of the body. Factors like loss of water, glucosuria, and metabolism of body fat and protein may lead to weight loss. Few cases may show weight gain due to increases appetite. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome is the condition when the body fluid is pulled out of tissues including lenses of the eye, which affects its ability to focus, results in blurred vision.
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