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Importance of Birth Control Pills in Population Explosion

One of the most important objectives in the agenda of most of the countries planning is the birth control. It is essential to have a stable population to achieve growth. The population growth rate varies with every country. It mainly depends on the fertility and mortality patterns. The reason why every country is focusing on birth control is that, a huge population would be a huge burden to the economy and would favor social inequalities and economic issues including unemployment, poverty, overcrowding, malnutrition, ill health, infectious diseases, etc. Moreover providing the basic amenities namely food, clothing and shelter would become very difficult if the population keeps on growing. The important factors in birth control must be evaluated in terms of age distribution, marriage customs and numerous cultural, social and economic factors.

We do have few alarming statistics that urges the need for birth control. It includes:

1. Approximately 95% of the population growth takes place in the developing countries
2. At present, 1/3 of the world population is under the age of 15 which means that a decade later; this group would be the reproductive group posing the most serious threat to the global economy.
3. The UNFPA estimates that world population is most likely to reach 10 billion people by 2050, and 20.7 billion a century later.
4. The expected number of births per women, at current fertility rates is 2.6 globally, 2.9 for developing countries, 4.9 for least developed countries and only 1.6 for the developed nations.
5. World population has been growing at 176 people per minute, 10, 564 per hour, 253, 542 per day and 92, 5543,000 people per year.

Though there are a lot of comprehensive plans for each country for executing the concept of birth control, yet it has never been very successful. It largely depends on the understanding of the people, beliefs, the traditions and customs, and religious factors.

In India, every couple who are married is expected to have a child within a year or two. If they fail to achieve this, they would be looked down by the society. The use of contraceptive methods also has a lot of issues. Many men feel that using condoms steal the pleasure in having natural sex. And doing a vasectomy would affect their potency. Further in many religions, the use of any type of barrier methods except abstinence is seen as a sin. According to them, avoiding natural pregnancy is offending god as children are gifts of god.

There are also other problems like the compliance of the person to the idea of having a small and happy family. Many women may not continue the birth control pills and other contraceptive methods leading to failure of the contraception. The best solution for having a successful birth control is to create awareness among the people about the use of birth control pill in age groups of who have high fertility rates. Cafeteria approach should be followed which is based on the idea that you offer the eligible couples a number of choices from which they would choose their option.

Natural Family Planning Methods - Not As Easy As using Birth Control Pills

The traditional birth control methods include:

• Abstinence
• Coitus interruptus
• Safe period
• Natural family planning methods
• Breast feeding

Most of the natural birth control methods are trial and errors and are difficult to follow. Birth control pills can be the right alternative for most of the population when taken under proper guidance.

The only method of birth control that is 100% effective is sexual abstinence. Though theoretically it is sound, yet in practice, it is just an oversimplification. It amounts to repression of a natural force and is liable to manifest itself in other directions such as temperamental changes and even nervous breakdown. So it can never be a mass birth control measure for any population.

The oldest method of voluntary fertility control is coitus interruptus. It does not need any technical appliance nor has any cost factor involved. In this method, the male withdraws the penis before ejaculation. This prevents the deposition of semen in the vagina. But it is found that even a drop of semen is enough to impregnate a woman and even the precoital secretion of the male may contain sperm which means that taking out the penis before ejaculation would not be that effective. Above all, the timing of withdrawal is the important factor. Even a slightest mistake in the timing of withdrawal may lead to the deposition of certain amount of semen.

It is said that coitus interruptus, abstinence and abortion played a major role in birth control in the developed world during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Safe method or rhythm method or calendar method is based on the fact that ovulation occurs from 12 to 16 days before the onset of menstruation. So if you can have sexual intercourse apart from these days, then the chances of conception are very less. But the failure rate with this method is 9 per 100 woman years. The failures are due to wrong calculations, irregular use and "taking chances". It may also lead to ectopic pregnancy and embryonic abnormalities.

Other natural family planning methods include basal body temperature method, cervical mucus method and symptothermic method. Field and laboratory investigations have confirmed the traditional belief that lactation prolongs post partum amenorrhea and provides some degree of protection against pregnancy.

But the first and best choice nowadays is hormonal contraceptives which when properly used are the most effective spacing methods. Birth control pills are combined pill, progestogen only pill, post coital pill, once a month pill and male pill.

Oral contraceptives of the combined type are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy. It is given orally for 21 consecutive days beginning on the 5th day of menstrual cycle, followed by a break of 7 days during which menses occurs. The pill should be taken everyday at bed time and must be taken at a fixed time everyday.

Progestogen only pill is given in small doses through out the cycle. The commonly used progestogens are norethisterone and Levonorgesterol. Post coital pill is used as an emergency contraception and is recommended within 72 hours of an unprotected intercourse.

Every birth control method has its own risks and benefits that have to be carefully weighed before choosing any one.