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Drug Medical Information

When should you take antibiotics?

Antibiotics are prescribed medications designed to fight illnesses caused by bacteria. When used prudently, antibiotics are a powerful medical tool to thwart bacterial diseases.

What is the proper dosage?

Normally antibiotics are prescribed for 7 - 10 days treatment. If you stop your antibiotic treatment earlier, the bacterium that wasn't killed yet can restart an infection. That's why Leftover antibiotics not only will not work, but on the contrary, carry a risk of creating an antibiotic resistance in bacterial generation, which will be harder to sterilize.

How safe are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are generally safe; however, Antibiotics may alter the effectiveness of other medications and cause side effects or allergic reactions. Antibiotics can kill most of the bacteria in your body that are sensitive to them, including good bacteria. By destroying the bacterial balance, it may cause stomach upsets, diarrhea, vaginal infections, or other problems.

How does a physician decide which antibiotic to prescribe?

Doctors can call a culture to determine the kind of bacterium that's causing the disease, or what doctors usually do when no life threatening situation is dealt with, is to prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is useful for controlling a wide variety of bacterial types.

What should women know before taking antibiotics?

Because antibiotics kill all the bacterium in your body including normal bacteria in the vagina, Antibiotics often lead to a vaginal yeast infection. Yeast cells begin attacking tissues in the vagina, usually causing one or all of the following symptoms: itching, burning, pain during sex and vaginal discharge. If you think you have a yeast infection, consult a physician. If you are pregnant or nursing do not take antibiotics without your doctor's consultant.

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Generic Antibiotics And Their Role In Management Of Infection

Antibiotics are substances that are produced by microorganisms, which selectively suppress the growth or kill other microbes at very low concentrations. The advent of antibiotics has changed the fate of many infectious diseases. In the beginning of the 19th century, infectious diseases claimed more lives. But after the antibiotics were widely used, this rate declined drastically.

There are a wide range of antibiotics which have been classified in a number of ways. One of the classifications is; antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antihelminthic. There are many antibiotics that have overlapping spectrum of action against these microbes. Based on this, it can be a narrow spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotic.

Antibiotics are obtained from fungi, bacteria or actinomycetes. Some of them that are obtained from fungi are penicillin, griseofulvin and cephalosporin. Bacterial antibiotics include polymyxin B, bacitracin, Colistin, Tyrothricin, Aztreonam, etc. Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenical and polyenes are obtained from actinomycetes.

Whenever there is an infection, a provisional diagnosis must be arrived at based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Then usually a broad spectrum antibiotic is given for non serious infections. For serious infections, you need to give an emergency dose, and then followed by regular dose. In some diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy, the diagnosis has to be confirmed by laboratory investigations. Then they have to be put on category specific regimens.

Some antibiotics produce severe drug allergy in susceptible individuals. One of the most important drugs in this class is the penicillin. So for every individual for whom you give penicillin, you must give a test dose to confirm whether it's safe to give or not. Or else the drug allergy may end up in a shock and lead to the death of the individual.

Combinations of antibiotics are widely used for the following reasons:

• To achieve synergism
• To reduce severity or incidence of adverse effects
• To prevent emergence of resistance
• To broaden the spectrum of antimicrobial action

One has to be careful while giving combinations because some drugs are antagonist to each other and therefore giving them would only add to the agony of the underlying disease.

Choosing an antibiotic has to be done keeping the following factors in mind:

• Patient factors
• Organism related considerations
• Drug related factors

Though antibiotics are very useful, yet they can never be substituted for the natural defense forces that our body have. Our human body basically has an innate and acquired immune system that forms the body's defense. The antibiotics only augment these natural processes and moreover antibiotics can never be a permanent solution for an infection.

Some of the important antibiotics in common usage are Generic Amoxil, Generic ampicillin, Generic Bactrim, Generic Baycip-TZ, Generic Cipro, Generic Flagyl and Generic Zithromax. These drugs are cheap and effective. They are mostly bi-dosage or tri-dosage. Above all, the adverse effects with these antibiotics are very less even on long term use. But long term use of antibiotics must be strongly discouraged to avoid the emergence of resistance against them.